Reading the Signs: How to Spot Wildlife While Walking in the Woods

In our February article, we explored how trail cameras can give us a peek into the lives of the animals that roam our forests. But what if you’re out in your woods in person—hiking, working, or just wandering? Even if you don’t spot an animal directly, the forest is full of clues that tell stories about the wildlife that lives there.

Here are some common signs to look (and listen) for:

Tracks and Trails

Look closely at soft soil, mud, or snow, especially near water sources or game trails. You might see deer prints, raccoon tracks, or the unmistakable paw marks of a coyote or bobcat. The Nature Tracking field guide is a great starting point, and Mount Rainier’s carnivore tracking guide (PDF) is especially useful for identifying predators.

Scat

It might not be glamorous, but animal droppings (scat) can tell you a lot—what species passed through, what it ate, and even how recently it was there. For ID help, try this scat identification guide (PDF), or revisit the Nature Tracking field guide.

Bark Rubs and Chew Marks

Chewed twigs, gnawed bark, or claw marks can reveal who’s been snacking or scratching nearby. Beavers are well known for the classic tooth marks they leave on trees, but they’re not the only ones. In spring, hungry bears often strip bark to reach the sugary new growth underneath, sometimes girdling trees in the process. Learn more in this USFS bark damage guide.

Feathers

Finding feathers can be a clue to a recent raptor landing or songbird scuffle. The USFWS Feather Atlas can help you identify what bird left it behind.

Sounds

Birdsong is one of the easiest ways to detect forest life. Download the Merlin app to identify bird calls in real time—an especially fun tool for beginners and seasoned birders alike.

In the video below, you can hear the bird-like chirps of a mountain lion.

Injured or Sick Wildlife: What to Do

If you see wildlife that looks injured or sick, it’s best to observe from a distance and contact a professional. In Washington, visit WDFW’s guidance page for advice and local rehabilitation contacts. For Oregon, use ODFW’s directory of wildlife rehabilitators. 

If an animal looks sick, lethargic, or is acting strangely, report your observation to WDFW or ODFW.

The More You Notice, the More You Learn

Your forest is full of subtle signs—learning to recognize them is a skill that deepens your connection to the land. For even more tracking tips, check out WDFW’s Wildlife Viewing guide or Washington Trails Association’s guide to winter wildlife signs.